tables+and+graphs

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Tables and Graphs

Bar and Line Graphs: [|Interpreting Tables] [|Interpreting tables] [|Interpreting graphs] [|Creating a line graph] [|Interpreting a line plot] [|Interpreting histograms] [|Creating histograms]

Averages:

Frequency Charts:

[|frequency chart practice]

Scatter Plots:

[|Scatter Plot Practice]

Stem and Leaf Plots: media type="custom" key="22356524" [|Stem and Leaf Practice]

Box and Whisker Plots:

media type="custom" key="22356322"

=Box-and-Whisker Plot= A box-and-whisker plot (sometimes called simply a box plot) is a [|histogram]-like method of displaying data, invented by J. Tukey. To create a box-and-whisker plot, draw a box with ends at the [|quartiles] and. Draw the [|statistical median] as a horizontal line in the box. Now extend the "whiskers" to the farthest points that are not outliers (i.e., that are within 3/2 times the [|interquartile range] of and ). Then, for every point more than 3/2 times the [|interquartile range] from the end of a box, draw a dot. If two dots have the same value, draw them side by side (Gonick and Smith 1993, p. 21). Box-and-whisker plots are implemented as [//data//] in the //[|//Mathematica//]// package. A number of other slightly different conventions are sometimes used. In Tukey's original definition, the closely-related and lesser known [|hinges] and  were used instead of  and  (Tukey 1977, p. 39). In addition, Tukey's original formulation lacked horizontal crossbars, extended the whiskers all the way to the extreme data points, and drew an unfilled dot at the maximum and a hatched horizontal strip at the minimum, as illustrated above (left figure; Tukey 1977, p. 40). A variation extended the whiskers only out to some arbitrary minimum and maximum values and identifying the outliers with explicit labels (Tukey 1977, p. 41). Tukey also considered an additional variation in which the outliers are indicated separately and whiskers are dashed, ending with dashed crossbars at "[|adjacent values]" (values closest to but still inside the inner [|fences]).

media type="custom" key="22356344"

[|Box and Whisker Plot Practice]

Circle Graphs Steps to Make a Pie Graph: 1
 * === Calculate Pie Chart Proportions ===**



> > > > > > > > > >
 * 2
 * Gather your numerical data and label information and write it down in a single place**.
 * 3
 * Add the data all together and reach a sum**. This number will be your denominator.
 * 4
 * Calculate the percentage for each label data**. Divide each label data by the denominator calculated above
 * 5
 * Know the angle between the two sides of the piece**. To do so, multiply your percentage (still in decimal form) by 360.
 * The logic behind this is that there are 360 degrees total in a circle. If you know that 14,400 is 30 percent of the whole (or 0.30), then you're just trying to figure out what 30% of 360 is.
 * Add up all the degrees you calculate from this step. They should equal 360. If they don't, you've missed something.
 * 6
 * Use a mathematical compass to draw a circle**. To draw a pie chart accurately, you need to get a perfect circle. This can be done using a compass (and a protractor to measure the angles). If you don't have a compass, try tracing around a circle template, using something round such as a lid or a CD.
 * 7
 * Draw the radius**. Start in the exact center of the circle and draw a straight line to the outside of the circle. (Hint: make a dot with the compass to find the center.)
 * The straight line can be vertical (12 or 6 o'clock on the clock face) or horizontal (9 or 3 o'clock on the clock face). The segments you create then follow either a clockwise or counter-clockwise sequence.
 * 8
 * Place your protractor on the circle**. Position it on the circle so that the 90 degrees crosshair is situated directly above the center of the circle. The zero point should be vertically aligned along the vertical plot line.
 * 9
 * Draw each section division**. Draw the sections by marking the first division against the edge of the protractor at the correct angle, using the angle formulations you got in the earlier step. Each time you add a section, the radius changes to the line you just drew; rotate your protractor accordingly.
 * When marking the angle lines, make sure they are sharp and fine, to keep them clear to read.
 * 10
 * Color each segment**. You can use color, patterns or just words, depending on what meets your purpose best. Add the name of the sections and the percent they represent to the chart.
 * Color each section of the pie chart a different color/pattern to easily visualize the results.
 * If you drew everything in pencil first, always ink in the circle before coloring in any of the segments. This is because the circle is the most trickiest part to draw accurately.
 * Labels or words added to segments should stay horizontal and centered (the same visual distance from the edge for each segment). This makes them easier to read.
 * 11
 * Finished**.

[|Interpreting circle graphs] [|Central Angles]

The Best Type of Graph to Use:

How to Choose Which Type of Graph to Use?

 * When to Use . . .**

Line graphs are used to track changes over short and long periods of time. When smaller changes exist, line graphs are better to use than bar graphs. Line graphs can also be used to compare changes over the same period of time for more than one group. Pie charts are best to use when you are trying to compare parts of a whole. They do not show changes over time. Bar graphs are used to compare things between different groups or to track changes over time. However, when trying to measure change over time, bar graphs are best when the changes are larger. Area graphs are very similar to line graphs. They can be used to track changes over time for one or more groups. Area graphs are good to use when you are tracking the changes in two or more related groups that make up one whole category (for example public and private groups). X-Y plots are used to determine relationships between the two different things. The x-axis is used to measure one event (or variable) and the y-axis is used to measure the other. If both variables increase at the same time, they have a positive relationship. If one variable decreases while the other increases, they have a negative relationship. Sometimes the variables don't follow any pattern and have no relationship.
 * . . . a Line graph.**
 * . . . a Pie Chart.**
 * . . . a Bar Graph.**
 * . . . an Area Graph.**
 * . . . an X-Y Plot.**

[|The Best Type of Graph Practice]

Coordinate Graphs:







Other Games: